Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a vasculitis affecting mainly large and medium-sized arteries, which the classification of systemic vasculitides refers to as those mainly involving the large vessels.GCA is typified by the involvement of extracranial aortic branches and intracranial vessels, the aorta and its large vessels are being affected most freq
Abstract Background Retroaortic innominate vein is a rare anomaly.It has been reported in patients with congenital anomalies such as Accessories Tetralogy of Fallot or right aortic arch.However, isolated retroaortic innominate vein is quite rare.Case presentation A 63-year-old man was transferred to our institution because of Stanford type A acute
Shear resistance by beams without stirrups presents the transfer of shear and normal principal stresses across the open cracks within reinforced concrete (RC) beams.The complexity of the shear mechanism is further complicated by the distorted structure of RCA, which is composed of hardened adhered surface mortar and virgin aggregate.Compression fie